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A History Of Wool


history of wool

The History of wool is a tale told from long, long ago - back to the times when prehistoric man clothed themselves in the skins of the wild sheep they killed for food. Then came the shepherds of the bronze age, who mastered weaving it into cloth. The tribes started to develop their own yarn, learning to pull out the fibres and twisting it in their hands. They then taught themselves spinning and weaving, using crude machines made from materials they could find on the land.

Britain had already developed its own wool industry when the Romans landed in 55 BC, enchanting their emperors with the British made cloth. The Saxon invasions in the fifth century nearly wiped out the industry but by the eight century we were back on track, exporting woollen fabrics to the continent.
By the twelfth century wool was becoming England's greatest national asset, especially in the large towns of southern and eastern England. Soon our kings found the wealth in exporting our wool and then the taxing began.

The wool industry reached it peak in the thirteenth century but then the wool trade declined due to political trouble and strife.
In 1331, King Edward III encouraged Flemish master weavers to settle here and it is they who played a huge part in the establishment of English woollen cloth.

When the plague arrived, it wiped out a lot of sheep farmers, but the sheep themselves grew in population. Then the arrival of mills brought the wool industry back to the fore. In the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, England then became the major manufacturer and exporter of cloth in the world. In the sixteenth century Huguenot weavers, from France, sought refuge here and brought their skills with them. The Industrial Revolution of 1750-1850 brought in new inventions, mechanizing and speeding up the processes of spinning and weaving.

And the rest, as they say- is history!